機油乳化、水溫高是什麼原因? 如何檢查消除故障——What is the cause of oil emulsification and high water temperature? How to check and fix the problem

 

眾所周知,汽車上的大多數油液都儲存在發動機艙內。而除了燃油之外,其他油液均不應該出現快速消耗的情況。而目,很多故障是因為日常疏忽油液檢查而出現的。因此,車主和維修技師必須關注發動機艙內的機油、冷卻液、制動液、助力油等液體的存量,以及是否變質

車輛上各種油液的檢查方法,以及較為多發的油液異常表現。

1.機油檢查

機油不足會加快發動機磨損,造成露部件損傷,發動機的油耗也會因摩擦陽力增加而升高。將車輛水準停放後查看油尺,機油液位應在油尺最低與最高刻度之間。如果機油液位元過低,就需要檢查是洩漏或燒機油;機油液位元高於上限,則需要確認是此前機油添加過量,還是有其他液體滲入。

機油液位超過上限,一方面可能堵塞曲軸箱通風管路,造成發動機內部壓力高,另一方面曲軸在運轉時可能會接觸並說拌油底殼中的機油,使機油起泡,失去潤滑和保護能力。如果發現機油液位元升高,接下來需要檢查機油是否變質機油增加很可能是因為滲入了其他液體,出現乳,化和變質的現象。

當發現機油乳化變質、發黑,以及攜帶較多碎屑,務必儘快更換機油機濾.


2.冷卻液檢查

有效的散熱是內燃機正常工作的關鍵,因此檢查發動機冷卻液是車輛日常維護的必備專案。當今多數在用車都配備了獨立的冷卻液罐,檢查時可以清晰看到當前的液位,冷卻液罐上也有液位元上限和下限的標記,液位元處於標記出的正常區間內就視為無異常。

冷卻液液位下降,通常是因為發動機冷卻系統存在洩漏。其中,車主自行檢查即可發現的洩漏方式包括發動機上部的冷卻管路洩漏、冷卻管路與潤滑管路異常連通,以及冷卻液進入燃燒室。在不舉升車輛的情況下,目視可以發現位於發動機艙中上部的冷卻液洩漏點。而冷卻管路與潤滑管路異常連通,就會出現前文提到的機油乳化。嚴重時,乳化物質同樣會出現在冷卻液罐內。此外,當冷卻液洩漏到燃燒室內時,發動機運轉會排出大量白色濃煙,並會伴隨水溫明顯升高的情況。


在無法自行辯明冷卻液洩漏點的情況下,務必儘快到專業的汽車售後服務機構接受檢修,以免發動機因冷卻液不足過熱。在此也提醒車主和維修人員,針對冷卻液的檢查和維修,請等冷卻液溫度降低後再執行,避免燙傷。

3.制動液檢查

制動是交通安全的"生命線,負責推動制動器工作的制動液自然也是車輛日堂維護必須要關注的重點。對幹制動液的檢查,一方面是確認制動液的存量是否充足,另一方面是要測試制動液的含水量。

 

制動液存量異常下降,通常說明液力制動系統的管路存在洩漏,建議立即請求救援,將車輛運送到維修機構檢修。而當制動液含水量升高,其濕沸點就會降低,大力制動時,制動液中的水分會因受熱沸騰而氣化,在制動管路中形成氣阻,導致制動力明顯下降。檢測到制動液合水量超過許用限制,請立即更換制動液

4.其他油液檢查

發動機艙內能檢查到的其他油液還包括玻璃清洗液、變速器油,以及非電動助力轉向車型上用的轉向助力液.

當玻璃清洗液耗盡,啟動玻璃清洗,能聽到柱塞泵工作,但沒有水噴出。此時請不要再頻繁啟動玻璃清洗,否則柱塞泵可能會因頻繁工作且得不到玻璃清洗液的冷卻而損壞。添加玻璃清洗液,確認無洩漏便可正常使用。

對於多數車型而言,車主自行檢查變速器油有較大難度。如果車輛在所有擋位均可順暢行駛,無明顯頓挫,就基本說明當前變速器油狀態正常。按照製造商規定的時間期限更換變速器油和濾油器即可。

當前,仍有一部分車型在沿用液力助力轉向,這部分車型的使用者不要忘記檢查轉向助力液。當發現轉向助力液減少應及時添加,避免轉向助力泵因得不到油液的潤滑和降溫而受損。當看到助力液明顯變色,應儘快進行更換.

總結

車主在日常用車時請定期檢查發動機艙內的各種油液的存量和品質,發現異常應儘快到專業的汽車售後服務機構進行檢查、添加或更換。

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It is known that most of the fluids in a car are stored in the engine compartment. With the exception of fuel, no other fluids should be depleted quickly. As a result, many failures are caused by negligence in fluid checking. Therefore, it is important that owners and service technicians pay attention to the level of oil, coolant, brake fluid and booster fluid in the engine compartment, and whether they have deteriorated.

How to check the various fluids in the vehicle and the more frequent fluid abnormalities.

1. Oil inspection

Insufficient oil will speed up engine wear, causing damage to exposed parts and increasing engine oil consumption due to increased friction. Check the oil dipstick after parking the vehicle horizontally. The oil level should be between the lowest and highest scale of the dipstick. If the oil level is too low, check for leaks or burnt oil; if the oil level is higher than the upper limit, check to see if there has been too much oil added previously or if other fluids have seeped in.

If the oil level exceeds the upper limit, on the one hand, the crankcase ventilation line may be blocked, causing high pressure inside the engine, and on the other hand, the crankshaft may come into contact with the oil in the oil sump during operation, causing the oil to blister and lose its lubrication and protection ability. If the oil level is found to be elevated, the next step is to check if the oil has deteriorated. The increase in oil is likely to be due to emulsification and deterioration caused by the infiltration of other fluids.

If you find that the oil is emulsified, blackened or carrying more debris, it is important to change the oil filter as soon as possible.

2. Coolant inspection

Effective heat dissipation is the key to the normal operation of an internal combustion engine, so checking the engine coolant is a must for routine vehicle maintenance. Most vehicles in use today are equipped with an independent coolant tank, and the current level can be clearly seen during inspection.

A drop in coolant level is usually due to a leak in the engine's cooling system. Leaks that can be detected by the owner's own inspection include leaks in the upper engine cooling line, abnormal connection between the cooling line and the lubrication line, and coolant entering the combustion chamber. A visual inspection without lifting the vehicle reveals a leak in the upper middle of the engine compartment. The abnormal connection between the cooling line and the lubrication line results in the aforementioned oil emulsification. In severe cases, emulsified material can also be found in the coolant tank. In addition, when the coolant leaks into the combustion chamber, the engine will run and emit a large amount of white smoke, accompanied by a significant increase in water temperature.

If you are unable to identify a coolant leak on your own, it is important that you visit a professional aftermarket service provider as soon as possible to prevent your engine from overheating due to insufficient coolant. Owners and mechanics are reminded to wait until the coolant temperature has dropped before carrying out any inspection or repair to avoid burns.

3. Brake fluid inspection

As braking is the lifeline of traffic safety, the braking fluid, which is responsible for driving the brakes, is also a key concern in the daily maintenance of the vehicle. The purpose of a dry braking fluid inspection is to check whether the braking fluid level is sufficient on the one hand, and to test the moisture content of the braking fluid on the other.

An abnormally low level of brake fluid usually indicates a leak in the hydraulic brake system, so it is advisable to call for help immediately and take the vehicle to a service facility for repair. When the braking fluid water content rises, the wet boiling point decreases and the water in the braking fluid will boil and vaporise when braking hard, creating a pneumatic block in the braking line and causing a significant drop in braking power. If the braking fluid water content exceeds the permitted limit, replace the braking fluid immediately.

4. Other fluid checks

Other fluids that can be checked in the engine compartment include glass washer fluid, transmission fluid, and non-electric power steering fluid.

①When the glass washer fluid is depleted and the glass washer is started, you can hear the plunger pump working but no water is coming out. Do not start the glass washer too often, otherwise the plunger pump may be damaged by the frequent operation and lack of cooling of the glass washer fluid. Add the glass washer fluid and make sure there are no leaks before using the pump normally.

② For most vehicles, it is difficult for the owner to check the transmission fluid himself. If the vehicle runs smoothly in all gears without any noticeable stuttering, the transmission fluid is basically in normal condition. Change the transmission fluid and filter in accordance with the manufacturer's time frame.

There are still some models that use hydraulic power steering and users of these models should not forget to check the power steering fluid. When you find that the power steering fluid has decreased, you should add it in time to avoid damage to the power steering pump due to the lack of lubrication and cooling of the fluid. If you see any obvious discolouration of the power steering fluid, you should change it as soon as possible.

Conclusion

Owners are advised to regularly check the quantity and quality of fluids in the engine compartment during daily use, and to visit a professional aftermarket service provider to check, add or replace any abnormalities as soon as possible.



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